Moving Mens Health Promotion Forward in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Moving Mens Health Promotion Forward in Australia. Answer: Accessibility-Ensuring that the services of primary care are affordable, available, and equally provided to the people. Community participation- All resources are used to reach the grass roots. Health promotion-communication to everyone.[1] Collaboration between health sectors. First, I would improve the identification of cases, whereby the most urgent ones shall be selected. Then trust, here, I would ensure that the confidence the Aboriginals lost in governance systems is restored through a show of concern. Improving prominent clinical indicators. After diagnosis, the treatment, education, referral and follow-up processes shall be changed from traditional to modern. Medicare; the government, provides healthcare that is affordable and accessible and with no charges at the service point. Private health insurance; advanced choices and advantages for insured people, like choosing a doctor, timing procedure, and the hospital. Private health funds; range to over 35 insurance finances open to anyone. Government incentive, health insurance, and regulation of health insurance in private sectors. When assessing a depressed patient, some potential risks like self-mutilation through suicide may be expected. Again, an accident patient with excessive blood loss may be in danger of hypothermia, hypovolemia, and shock. A patient with a septic wound may be at a potential risk for systemic infections like bacteraemia. Based on statistics, Australians pay $50 to $80 to see a GP and more than half can be reclaimed through the Medicare insurance scheme. Besides, GP surgeries are only charged the reclaimable amount meaning it is entirely free of charge. The middle earners and pensioners have a card issued by the government, meaning they are bulk-billed. Prescriptions have been subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Nevertheless, Medicare does not cover ambulances; charges can be close to $2,000 in an emergency situation. Comparing this situation in the past and with other nations, Australia has made breakthroughs in quality health care delivery, and I believe it has the best system in the world. Community health extension workers (CHEWs) can be involved in primary health care. Community health nurses can also be part of PHC. Families can be involved through the practice of appropriate lifestyles. Local leaders like parliamentarians can be involved too. Through National Health Reforms, the Commonwealth government has adopted the use of Medicare locals. They are appropriately trained to link locals with GPs, involve local networks of hospitals, support and plan face-to-face services with GPs. The government has funded the training of medical specialists, GPs, and nurses with $1.2 billion. Use of IT in local hospitals, building Super clinics, improving infrastructure, securing personally operated electronic record system has improved primary health care. PHC nurses do health promotion, prevention of illnesses, antenatal and postnatal care, palliation, rehabilitation, public and population health, development of policies, advocacy and research, development of the community, and care and treatment of the sick. [2] Overall delivery of PHC involves local level health practitioners, holistic care, and integration of all sectors of care among others. Primary, secondary, and tertiary care are included as well. Social factors that affect health includes security, availability of resources, norms like discrimination in the case of Australian aboriginals, and inadequate infrastructure limit access to hospitals and GPs. People who have poor access to mass media and technology have less health knowledge. Residential segregated people have poor health and wellbeing. Cultural factors like the belief that the appearance of teeth proves good health regardless of pain or bleeding in China affects wellbeing. Traditional ways of treatment like the use of herbs in the Aboriginal culture have been ineffective in eliminating disease thus leading to preventable deaths. Political environments such as parliamentary decisions made in Australia to foster National Health Reforms have seen improvement in the health systems of Australia. Furthermore, the implementation of Medicare locals was through political processes, and it has improved the PHC levels in Australia. Poverty predisposes someone to poor health and wellbeing. For instance, one may lack money to foot medical bills. The middle and wealthy people have a healthy comfortable life. Third world nations like Somalia have seen increased maternal and paediatric mortalities due to the inability to procure standard medical services. Emotional health is vital in promoting good health. Stress triggers a hormonal cascade that depletes the body of energy and eventually leads to lower immunity and onset of diseases. Again, a mental health patient may be anxious, having suicidal ideations and at risk of poor integration of familiar concepts. Environments like slums, poor weather conditions, arid and semi-arid areas predispose individuals to some specific health problems. For instance, communicable diseases spread faster in crowded areas. Also, people who work in hospitals are at risk of nosocomial infections compared to those who do not. Employment of the local Aboriginals and Torres Islander GPs and nurses would solve the problem of cultural differences. Utilising the principles of shared responsibility for the well-being of the indigenous people would also be a priority. Funding and training the Indigenous Health Workers (IHW), advocating for the abolition of social injustices would also help. As an enrolled nurse, upholding the standards of health care in nursing can be achieved through clinical governance; where standard care shall be dispensed to the client. Carrying out continuous research shall be paramount. Ensuring that Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is realised shall be a priority. Fostering teamwork is imperative as well. The professional code of conduct for nurses has stipulated values of practice. Among the values is upholding needs, rights and benefits of the patient in making decisions, no discrimination, maintaining a therapeutic relationship, advocacy for patients, families and communitys rights, supervision of juniors and proper delegation, and the combination of science and art in the provision of care. It also proposes penalties and consequences for any malpractice. The Australian Nursing Council has regulatory mechanisms as well. The code of ethics provides that nurses should value a quality nursing care for all, kindness and respect for others and self, informed decisions, ethically managing client information, client diversity, cultural safety, and respect, economic, social, ecological, and the general environment for clients recuperation among others. This ethical requirement acts as a reference point for any conduct and decisions that nurses make. Again, the community refers to this document to weigh the performance standards expected from the nurses. Standards of practice for an enrolled nurse are ten as stipulated in the nursing and midwifery board of Australia. They include functioning according to policies, the law and procedures, gross respect for the people as nursing care is delivered, acceptance of accountability and responsibility for personal actions, diverse interpretation of information, collaboration, and provision of quality of attention. Additionally, they should communicate and document all activities, provide evidence-based nursing care, safe and quality of life and engages in professional development. The New South Wales national law on regulation of health practitioners is in act 86a of 2009. It regulates student registrations, renewal of registration, applications for endorsements, health, conduct and performance expected among others. Any breach of the provisions has a guideline on constitutional processes that will lead to judgment in a court of law. Before working as a health practitioner here, you must be certified. The CPD standard in NMBA applies to all nurses. To meet the standard, a nurse must finish 20 hours of CPD in every period of registration. If registered as both a midwife and a nurse, the time frames for the two must be met. Failure to meet the [3]standards attracts the National law provisions like the imposition of condition(s) for your status of registration, and the use of standards, guidelines and principles of certification in establishing a penalty. The decision making framework has policies and templates for tools of decision-making. First off, the fundamental motivation for a decision is to improve the health outcome of the patient. For any decision beyond a nurses capacity, he or she will be responsible for any consequences. Also, nursing decisions are best made in a collaborative environment. The framework also limits nurses to deciding on cases that require other professionals like doctors. Multiculturalism refers to diversity in ethnic and cultural make-ups of different populations; a typical example is the Australian Torres Strait and Aboriginals, immigrants and refugees. Therefore, the Australian society is multicultural. The indigenous people have held to their cultural beliefs even in the modern times, and my first consideration is to integrate their local healers into the contemporary system of care. Again, requesting for financing from government and NGOs shall be a priority in fostering health education and cultural competence among nurses. Cultural barriers: The immigrants come from a different cultural setting that may not blend with the Australian people and will be seen as odd. Again, it will bar them from seeking my health services and I may also not understand their precise needs. Communication problem: Those who come from non-English speaking nations like France and Germany may have problems expressing to GPs. I may not understand their language. High costs: They will not access healthcare. Current Australian health issues include discrimination against the indigenous people in accessing quality health care due to racism, unemployment, stereotyping among others. Another problem is the cultural diversity that leads to misunderstanding and poor health behaviours. Furthermore, limited funding, inadequate GPs, and nurses, poor research, and other areas have affected health care. The Ruud Governments National Health Reform Agreement of 2011(NHRA) was the platform which established the way of shared funding by the Commonwealth, states and territory governments. Calculations are done using the[4] model in the agreement. Commonwealth is to take care of the 50% and the balance by the territories and states. The funding is met through cabinet secretary for health and their states counterparts. Initial knowledge on the insurance and financing for the aged is vital. I shall then introduce the Commonwealth and state funding procedures to the client. Then, I shall issue a card from the insurance fund that is usually available in most of the hospitals and direct the client to the offices for registration. Professional ethics and proper skills of communication shall be upheld. E-health can be accessible by any Australian as long as they have an internet connection. Health information is uploaded on this platform, contacts of health workers, locations of hospitals and vital national health information are uploaded here. Therefore, existing health services and issues shall be identified with ease. Use of banners, signposts and road signs. Road signs have improved health awareness, for instance, the sign posts on the respect of indigenous people in the provision of health services have worked well. Use of social and mass media. Many individuals who use Facebook and Twitter access health information and a survey in Sydney confirmed its effectiveness on the promotion of health. Health provider direct teachings. At the hospitals and in the community, health workers have succeeded in giving health talks to people, and it has yielded a healthy Australia through PHC. In the 1990s and 1980s, Australian health system, had problems of quality, inaccessibility by the disadvantaged groups like the aboriginals and immigrants, reduced funding from the Commonwealth and state governments among others. The advantages of the reforms proposed include broad coverage, less burden on the consumers, utilisation of technology and promotion of primary health care (PHC). Constraints of financing have seen increased national debts and seeking of grants from established governments like the US and the UK. Also, the inadequate health practitioners have seen laxity in the implementation of the proposals in health reforms. However, the endeavours by all stakeholders have elevated the Australian system to one of the best on the face of the earth. References Smith, J, "Beyond masculine stereotypes: Moving men's health promotion forward in Australia". inHealth Promotion Journal of Australia, 18, 2013, 20. Eckermann, S, L Sheridan, Rivers, "Which direction should Australian health system reform be heading?". inThe New Zealand and Australian Journal of Public Health, 40, 2015, 7-9. "Foundation Funding For Behavioral Health Care." in, 35, 2016, 1141-1142. Naccarella, L, L Greenstock, P Brooks, "A framework to support team-based models of primary care within the Australian health care system". inMed J Aust, 199, 2013, 22-25.