Women s Rights Movement Of The Nineteenth Century

The women s rights movement of the nineteenth century had a major impact for women. It had unified women around a number of issues that were seen as fundamental rights for all citizens. These rights included: access to higher education, the right to own property, reproductive rights, and suffrage. All was achieved and even more between 1870 and 1930. Before all the changes happened for women. â€Å"Women were completely controlled by the men in their lives. First, by their fathers, brothers and male relatives and then once married, their husbands. A women’s sole purpose in life was to find a husband, reproduce and then spend the rest of their lives serving their husband.† (Smith, 2002) When a women married, â€Å"her husband had rights to†¦show more content†¦Then in 1870, the Married Women’s Property Act was in action. This act meant that wages and property earned through a wife s own work, and investments made with that earned money would henceforth be regarded as her own. This also meant that women could hold rented property in their own name. This act also made women legally liable to maintain their children. In 1871, the first state laws specifically making wife beating illegal were passed, though proliferation of laws to all states and adequate enforcement of those laws lagged very far behind . â€Å"In 1878 a woman suffrage amendment was first introduced in the United States Congress, but it did not pass. Then in 1879, a women named Belva Lockwood became the first woman allowed to argue before the Supreme Court. Her first case was the 1880 case Kaiser v. Stickney.† (Wikipedia, 2016) In 1890, various women s clubs united to form the General Federation of Women s Clubs. Also in 1890, the two largest women s suffrage organizations united to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association under the leadership of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Then â€Å"in 1891 Marie Owens, born in Canada, was hired in Chicago as America s first female police officer† (Wikipedia, 2016). This was significant since not that long ago women were looked down upon for getting jobs, and a police officer job was concentered a man’s job. In 1891, â€Å"women were told that they could not be forced to live

Eco-Spiritual Concerns in Hermann Hesse’s Siddhartha

We currently exist in a world hemmed with electronic media and information technology that affords no queries or space for any quests whatsoever. The world, bereft of any spiritual values, with technological avant-gardism has sped us unconsciously into a world of wares and expenses. The enquiries that met the intellectuals of the past about the problems of the flesh and spirit have been left apart as groundless and inappropriate for the youth of the contemporary world. There is, in such a situation, no space for spiritual experience and satiation. In such a scenario, this paper’s aim to attempt a re-reading of Hermann Hesse’s has great relevance as it holds forth myriad values for our present sensitive ecology. The magnificent, yet†¦show more content†¦He travelled the way of self- denial through meditation, through the emptying of the mind of all images. Along these and other paths did he learn to travel. He lost his Self a thousand times and for days on end he dwelt in non-being. But although the paths took him away from Self, in the end they always led back to it†¦ he would again find himself in sunshine or in moonlight, in shadow or in rain, and was again Self and Siddhartha, again felt the torment of the onerous life cycle (13). Siddhartha’s encounter with Gotama is significant for various reasons. He, with wonder and awe, inspects the being of the Illustrious One. His peaceful countenance inspires Siddhartha and he examines carefully: The Buddha went quietly on his way, lost in thought. His peaceful countenance was neither happy nor sad. He seemed to be smiling gently inwardly. With a secret smile, not unlike that of a healthy child, he walked along peacefully, quietly. He wore his gown and walked along exactly like the other monks, but his face and his step, his peaceful downward glance, his peaceful downward hanging hand, and very finger of his hand spoke of peace, spoke of completeness, sought nothing, imitated nothing, reflected a continual quiet, an unfading light, an invulnerable peace (23). However Siddhartha’s search does not end with the encounter with the Illustrious One. While Govinda chooses to follow Buddha, Siddhartha proceeds further. The scholar in him rouses and he contemplates: â€Å"I will learn

Moving Mens Health Promotion Forward in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Moving Mens Health Promotion Forward in Australia. Answer: Accessibility-Ensuring that the services of primary care are affordable, available, and equally provided to the people. Community participation- All resources are used to reach the grass roots. Health promotion-communication to everyone.[1] Collaboration between health sectors. First, I would improve the identification of cases, whereby the most urgent ones shall be selected. Then trust, here, I would ensure that the confidence the Aboriginals lost in governance systems is restored through a show of concern. Improving prominent clinical indicators. After diagnosis, the treatment, education, referral and follow-up processes shall be changed from traditional to modern. Medicare; the government, provides healthcare that is affordable and accessible and with no charges at the service point. Private health insurance; advanced choices and advantages for insured people, like choosing a doctor, timing procedure, and the hospital. Private health funds; range to over 35 insurance finances open to anyone. Government incentive, health insurance, and regulation of health insurance in private sectors. When assessing a depressed patient, some potential risks like self-mutilation through suicide may be expected. Again, an accident patient with excessive blood loss may be in danger of hypothermia, hypovolemia, and shock. A patient with a septic wound may be at a potential risk for systemic infections like bacteraemia. Based on statistics, Australians pay $50 to $80 to see a GP and more than half can be reclaimed through the Medicare insurance scheme. Besides, GP surgeries are only charged the reclaimable amount meaning it is entirely free of charge. The middle earners and pensioners have a card issued by the government, meaning they are bulk-billed. Prescriptions have been subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Nevertheless, Medicare does not cover ambulances; charges can be close to $2,000 in an emergency situation. Comparing this situation in the past and with other nations, Australia has made breakthroughs in quality health care delivery, and I believe it has the best system in the world. Community health extension workers (CHEWs) can be involved in primary health care. Community health nurses can also be part of PHC. Families can be involved through the practice of appropriate lifestyles. Local leaders like parliamentarians can be involved too. Through National Health Reforms, the Commonwealth government has adopted the use of Medicare locals. They are appropriately trained to link locals with GPs, involve local networks of hospitals, support and plan face-to-face services with GPs. The government has funded the training of medical specialists, GPs, and nurses with $1.2 billion. Use of IT in local hospitals, building Super clinics, improving infrastructure, securing personally operated electronic record system has improved primary health care. PHC nurses do health promotion, prevention of illnesses, antenatal and postnatal care, palliation, rehabilitation, public and population health, development of policies, advocacy and research, development of the community, and care and treatment of the sick. [2] Overall delivery of PHC involves local level health practitioners, holistic care, and integration of all sectors of care among others. Primary, secondary, and tertiary care are included as well. Social factors that affect health includes security, availability of resources, norms like discrimination in the case of Australian aboriginals, and inadequate infrastructure limit access to hospitals and GPs. People who have poor access to mass media and technology have less health knowledge. Residential segregated people have poor health and wellbeing. Cultural factors like the belief that the appearance of teeth proves good health regardless of pain or bleeding in China affects wellbeing. Traditional ways of treatment like the use of herbs in the Aboriginal culture have been ineffective in eliminating disease thus leading to preventable deaths. Political environments such as parliamentary decisions made in Australia to foster National Health Reforms have seen improvement in the health systems of Australia. Furthermore, the implementation of Medicare locals was through political processes, and it has improved the PHC levels in Australia. Poverty predisposes someone to poor health and wellbeing. For instance, one may lack money to foot medical bills. The middle and wealthy people have a healthy comfortable life. Third world nations like Somalia have seen increased maternal and paediatric mortalities due to the inability to procure standard medical services. Emotional health is vital in promoting good health. Stress triggers a hormonal cascade that depletes the body of energy and eventually leads to lower immunity and onset of diseases. Again, a mental health patient may be anxious, having suicidal ideations and at risk of poor integration of familiar concepts. Environments like slums, poor weather conditions, arid and semi-arid areas predispose individuals to some specific health problems. For instance, communicable diseases spread faster in crowded areas. Also, people who work in hospitals are at risk of nosocomial infections compared to those who do not. Employment of the local Aboriginals and Torres Islander GPs and nurses would solve the problem of cultural differences. Utilising the principles of shared responsibility for the well-being of the indigenous people would also be a priority. Funding and training the Indigenous Health Workers (IHW), advocating for the abolition of social injustices would also help. As an enrolled nurse, upholding the standards of health care in nursing can be achieved through clinical governance; where standard care shall be dispensed to the client. Carrying out continuous research shall be paramount. Ensuring that Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is realised shall be a priority. Fostering teamwork is imperative as well. The professional code of conduct for nurses has stipulated values of practice. Among the values is upholding needs, rights and benefits of the patient in making decisions, no discrimination, maintaining a therapeutic relationship, advocacy for patients, families and communitys rights, supervision of juniors and proper delegation, and the combination of science and art in the provision of care. It also proposes penalties and consequences for any malpractice. The Australian Nursing Council has regulatory mechanisms as well. The code of ethics provides that nurses should value a quality nursing care for all, kindness and respect for others and self, informed decisions, ethically managing client information, client diversity, cultural safety, and respect, economic, social, ecological, and the general environment for clients recuperation among others. This ethical requirement acts as a reference point for any conduct and decisions that nurses make. Again, the community refers to this document to weigh the performance standards expected from the nurses. Standards of practice for an enrolled nurse are ten as stipulated in the nursing and midwifery board of Australia. They include functioning according to policies, the law and procedures, gross respect for the people as nursing care is delivered, acceptance of accountability and responsibility for personal actions, diverse interpretation of information, collaboration, and provision of quality of attention. Additionally, they should communicate and document all activities, provide evidence-based nursing care, safe and quality of life and engages in professional development. The New South Wales national law on regulation of health practitioners is in act 86a of 2009. It regulates student registrations, renewal of registration, applications for endorsements, health, conduct and performance expected among others. Any breach of the provisions has a guideline on constitutional processes that will lead to judgment in a court of law. Before working as a health practitioner here, you must be certified. The CPD standard in NMBA applies to all nurses. To meet the standard, a nurse must finish 20 hours of CPD in every period of registration. If registered as both a midwife and a nurse, the time frames for the two must be met. Failure to meet the [3]standards attracts the National law provisions like the imposition of condition(s) for your status of registration, and the use of standards, guidelines and principles of certification in establishing a penalty. The decision making framework has policies and templates for tools of decision-making. First off, the fundamental motivation for a decision is to improve the health outcome of the patient. For any decision beyond a nurses capacity, he or she will be responsible for any consequences. Also, nursing decisions are best made in a collaborative environment. The framework also limits nurses to deciding on cases that require other professionals like doctors. Multiculturalism refers to diversity in ethnic and cultural make-ups of different populations; a typical example is the Australian Torres Strait and Aboriginals, immigrants and refugees. Therefore, the Australian society is multicultural. The indigenous people have held to their cultural beliefs even in the modern times, and my first consideration is to integrate their local healers into the contemporary system of care. Again, requesting for financing from government and NGOs shall be a priority in fostering health education and cultural competence among nurses. Cultural barriers: The immigrants come from a different cultural setting that may not blend with the Australian people and will be seen as odd. Again, it will bar them from seeking my health services and I may also not understand their precise needs. Communication problem: Those who come from non-English speaking nations like France and Germany may have problems expressing to GPs. I may not understand their language. High costs: They will not access healthcare. Current Australian health issues include discrimination against the indigenous people in accessing quality health care due to racism, unemployment, stereotyping among others. Another problem is the cultural diversity that leads to misunderstanding and poor health behaviours. Furthermore, limited funding, inadequate GPs, and nurses, poor research, and other areas have affected health care. The Ruud Governments National Health Reform Agreement of 2011(NHRA) was the platform which established the way of shared funding by the Commonwealth, states and territory governments. Calculations are done using the[4] model in the agreement. Commonwealth is to take care of the 50% and the balance by the territories and states. The funding is met through cabinet secretary for health and their states counterparts. Initial knowledge on the insurance and financing for the aged is vital. I shall then introduce the Commonwealth and state funding procedures to the client. Then, I shall issue a card from the insurance fund that is usually available in most of the hospitals and direct the client to the offices for registration. Professional ethics and proper skills of communication shall be upheld. E-health can be accessible by any Australian as long as they have an internet connection. Health information is uploaded on this platform, contacts of health workers, locations of hospitals and vital national health information are uploaded here. Therefore, existing health services and issues shall be identified with ease. Use of banners, signposts and road signs. Road signs have improved health awareness, for instance, the sign posts on the respect of indigenous people in the provision of health services have worked well. Use of social and mass media. Many individuals who use Facebook and Twitter access health information and a survey in Sydney confirmed its effectiveness on the promotion of health. Health provider direct teachings. At the hospitals and in the community, health workers have succeeded in giving health talks to people, and it has yielded a healthy Australia through PHC. In the 1990s and 1980s, Australian health system, had problems of quality, inaccessibility by the disadvantaged groups like the aboriginals and immigrants, reduced funding from the Commonwealth and state governments among others. The advantages of the reforms proposed include broad coverage, less burden on the consumers, utilisation of technology and promotion of primary health care (PHC). Constraints of financing have seen increased national debts and seeking of grants from established governments like the US and the UK. Also, the inadequate health practitioners have seen laxity in the implementation of the proposals in health reforms. However, the endeavours by all stakeholders have elevated the Australian system to one of the best on the face of the earth. References Smith, J, "Beyond masculine stereotypes: Moving men's health promotion forward in Australia". inHealth Promotion Journal of Australia, 18, 2013, 20. Eckermann, S, L Sheridan, Rivers, "Which direction should Australian health system reform be heading?". inThe New Zealand and Australian Journal of Public Health, 40, 2015, 7-9. "Foundation Funding For Behavioral Health Care." in, 35, 2016, 1141-1142. Naccarella, L, L Greenstock, P Brooks, "A framework to support team-based models of primary care within the Australian health care system". inMed J Aust, 199, 2013, 22-25.

S. Robson Walton and Founder Sam Walton Essay Example

S. Robson Walton and Founder Sam Walton Paper Do you think that the values and practices that Wall-Mart founder Sam Walton articulated recognized the claims that employees, as stakeholders, have on the firm? 1. Yes, Wall-Mart values and practices with founder Sam Walton recognized the claims that employees, as stakeholder have on the firm. But that was during those years that the so-called values and principles have worked effectively. What might have changed in the ethical climate of Wal-Mart in recent years to contribute to the lawsuits by dis-gruntled employees? . Not being focus on the company’s mission and vision from the management side might have changed in the ethical climate of Wall-Mart. To think, the company have started with a very strong and ambitious values and principles which employees were given the most importance. Do you think Wal-Mart has an ethical problem? Is the company right to claim that with 1. 4 million employees, some problems are bound to arise? 3. I don’t think Wall-Mart has an ethical problem. I believe no companies dream of just earning without helping their manpower. If you were running Wal-Mart, what steps would you take to address any potential ethical issues, particularly with regard to employees? 4. If I’m running Wall-Mart, I’ll make sure that those people I put in the management have the same vision and dedication to make realize the company’s core values and principles. If I have a company whose focus is the welfare of employees, then I should recruit and train people for the management to become like me. We will write a custom essay sample on S. Robson Walton and Founder Sam Walton specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on S. Robson Walton and Founder Sam Walton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on S. Robson Walton and Founder Sam Walton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer